diff --git a/chameleon-server/build.gradle b/chameleon-server/build.gradle
index 87c16aec4..26e4ee0e3 100644
--- a/chameleon-server/build.gradle
+++ b/chameleon-server/build.gradle
@@ -126,4 +126,4 @@ spotless {
     indentWithTabs(2)
     indentWithSpaces(4)
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/_2/vision/pipeline/impl/StandardCVPipeline.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/_2/vision/pipeline/impl/StandardCVPipeline.java
index fe90e5dea..51ec0aacf 100644
--- a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/_2/vision/pipeline/impl/StandardCVPipeline.java
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/_2/vision/pipeline/impl/StandardCVPipeline.java
@@ -159,14 +159,14 @@ public class StandardCVPipeline extends CVPipeline<StandardCVPipeline.StandardCV
         Pair<Mat, Long> hsvResult = hsvPipe.run(erodeDilateResult.getLeft());
         totalPipelineTimeNanos += hsvResult.getRight();
 
-        Pair<List<MatOfPoint>, Long> findContoursResult = findContoursPipe.run(hsvResult.getLeft());
+        Pair<List<Contour>, Long> findContoursResult = findContoursPipe.run(hsvResult.getLeft());
         totalPipelineTimeNanos += findContoursResult.getRight();
 
         Pair<List<Contour>, Long> filterContoursResult = filterContoursPipe.run(findContoursResult.getLeft());
         totalPipelineTimeNanos += filterContoursResult.getRight();
 
         // ignore !
-        Pair<List<MatOfPoint>, Long> speckleRejectResult = speckleRejectPipe.run(filterContoursResult.getLeft());
+        Pair<List<Contour>, Long> speckleRejectResult = speckleRejectPipe.run(filterContoursResult.getLeft());
         totalPipelineTimeNanos += speckleRejectResult.getRight();
 
         Pair<List<TrackedTarget>, Long> groupContoursResult = groupContoursPipe.run(speckleRejectResult.getLeft());
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/_2/vision/pipeline/pipes/FindContoursPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/_2/vision/pipeline/pipes/FindContoursPipe.java
index 16d4face7..374a82976 100644
--- a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/_2/vision/pipeline/pipes/FindContoursPipe.java
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/_2/vision/pipeline/pipes/FindContoursPipe.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.chameleonvision._2.vision.pipeline.pipes;
 
 import com.chameleonvision._2.vision.pipeline.Pipe;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.opencv.Contour;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
 import org.opencv.core.Mat;
 import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
@@ -8,15 +9,16 @@ import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
-public class FindContoursPipe implements Pipe<Mat, List<MatOfPoint>> {
+public class FindContoursPipe implements Pipe<Mat, List<Contour>> {
 
     private List<MatOfPoint> foundContours = new ArrayList<>();
 
     public FindContoursPipe() {}
 
     @Override
-    public Pair<List<MatOfPoint>, Long> run(Mat input) {
+    public Pair<List<Contour>, Long> run(Mat input) {
         long processStartNanos = System.nanoTime();
 
         foundContours.clear();
@@ -24,6 +26,6 @@ public class FindContoursPipe implements Pipe<Mat, List<MatOfPoint>> {
         Imgproc.findContours(input, foundContours, new Mat(), Imgproc.RETR_EXTERNAL, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_TC89_L1);
 
         long processTime = System.nanoTime() - processStartNanos;
-        return Pair.of(foundContours, processTime);
+        return Pair.of(foundContours.stream().map(Contour::new).collect(Collectors.toList()), processTime);
     }
 }
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/camera/CaptureStaticProperties.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/camera/CaptureStaticProperties.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2dee217e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/camera/CaptureStaticProperties.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.camera;
+
+import edu.wpi.cscore.VideoMode;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.fraction.Fraction;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
+import org.opencv.core.Point;
+
+public class CaptureStaticProperties {
+    public final int imageWidth;
+    public final int imageHeight;
+    public final double fov;
+    public final double imageArea;
+    public final double centerX;
+    public final double centerY;
+    public final Point centerPoint;
+    public final double horizontalFocalLength;
+    public final double verticalFocalLength;
+    public final VideoMode mode;
+
+    public CaptureStaticProperties(VideoMode mode, double fov) {
+        this.mode = mode;
+
+        this.imageWidth = mode.width;
+        this.imageHeight = mode.height;
+        this.fov = fov;
+
+        imageArea = imageHeight * imageWidth;
+        centerX = imageWidth / 2.0 - 0.5;
+        centerY = imageHeight / 2.0 - 0.5;
+        centerPoint = new Point(centerX, centerY);
+
+        // Calculations from pinhole-model.
+        double diagonalView = FastMath.toRadians(this.fov);
+        Fraction aspectRatio = new Fraction(imageWidth, imageHeight);
+
+        int horizontalRatio = aspectRatio.getNumerator();
+        int verticalRatio = aspectRatio.getDenominator();
+
+        double diagonalAspect = FastMath.hypot(horizontalRatio, verticalRatio);
+
+        double horizontalView =
+                FastMath.atan(FastMath.tan(diagonalView / 2) * (horizontalRatio / diagonalAspect)) * 2;
+        double verticalView =
+                FastMath.atan(FastMath.tan(diagonalView / 2) * (verticalRatio / diagonalAspect)) * 2;
+
+        horizontalFocalLength = imageWidth / (2 * FastMath.tan(horizontalView / 2));
+        verticalFocalLength = imageHeight / (2 * FastMath.tan(verticalView / 2));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/opencv/Contour.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/opencv/Contour.java
index dfbc34e8a..e977114d7 100644
--- a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/opencv/Contour.java
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/opencv/Contour.java
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.opencv;
 
 import com.chameleonvision.common.util.math.MathUtils;
-import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.target.PotentialTarget;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
 import org.opencv.core.*;
 import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
 import org.opencv.imgproc.Moments;
@@ -58,11 +59,14 @@ public class Contour {
         return getMinAreaRect().center;
     }
 
-    public boolean isIntersecting(
-            Contour secondContour, PotentialTarget.TargetContourIntersection intersection) {
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return mat.cols() != 0 && mat.rows() != 0;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isIntersecting(Contour secondContour, ContourIntersection intersection) {
         boolean isIntersecting = false;
 
-        if (intersection == PotentialTarget.TargetContourIntersection.None) {
+        if (intersection == ContourIntersection.None) {
             isIntersecting = true;
         } else {
             try {
@@ -105,4 +109,50 @@ public class Contour {
 
         return isIntersecting;
     }
+
+    // TODO: refactor to do "infinite" contours
+    public static Contour groupContoursByIntersection(
+            Contour firstContour, Contour secondContour, ContourIntersection intersection) {
+        if (firstContour.isIntersecting(secondContour, intersection)) {
+            return combineContours(firstContour, secondContour);
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: does this leak?
+    private static Contour combineContours(Contour... contours) {
+        List<Point> fullContourPoints = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (var contour : contours) {
+            fullContourPoints.addAll(contour.mat.toList());
+        }
+
+        var points = new MatOfPoint(fullContourPoints.toArray(new Point[0]));
+        var finalContour = new Contour(points);
+
+        if (!finalContour.isEmpty()) {
+            return finalContour;
+        } else return null;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: move these? also docs plox
+    public enum ContourIntersection {
+        None,
+        Up,
+        Down,
+        Left,
+        Right
+    }
+
+    public enum ContourGrouping {
+        Single(1),
+        Dual(2);
+
+        public final int count;
+
+        ContourGrouping(int count) {
+            this.count = count;
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/CVPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/CVPipe.java
index f9a01ecde..72f391bc3 100644
--- a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/CVPipe.java
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/CVPipe.java
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ public abstract class CVPipe<I, O, P> implements Function<I, PipeResult<O>> {
     /**
     * Runs the process for the pipe.
     *
-    * @param in Input for pipe processing
-    * @return Result of processing
+    * @param in Input for pipe processing.
+    * @return Result of processing.
     */
     protected abstract O process(I in);
 
     /**
-    * @param in Input for pipe processing
-    * @return Result of processing
+    * @param in Input for pipe processing.
+    * @return Result of processing.
     */
     @Override
     public PipeResult<O> apply(I in) {
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/BlurPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/BlurPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e48008860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/BlurPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import org.opencv.core.Mat;
+import org.opencv.core.Size;
+import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
+
+/** Represents a pipeline that blurs the image. */
+public class BlurPipe extends CVPipe<Mat, Mat, BlurPipe.BlurParams> {
+    /**
+    * Processes thos pipe.
+    *
+    * @param in Input for pipe processing.
+    * @return The processed frame.
+    */
+    @Override
+    protected Mat process(Mat in) {
+        Imgproc.blur(in, in, params.getBlurSize());
+        return in;
+    }
+
+    public static class BlurParams {
+        // Default BlurImagePrams with zero blur.
+        public static BlurParams DEFAULT = new BlurParams(0);
+
+        // Member to store the blur size.
+        private int m_blurSize;
+
+        /**
+        * Constructs a new BlurImageParams.
+        *
+        * @param blurSize The blur size.
+        */
+        public BlurParams(int blurSize) {
+            m_blurSize = blurSize;
+        }
+
+        /**
+        * Returns the blur size.
+        *
+        * @return The blur size.
+        */
+        public Size getBlurSize() {
+            return new Size(m_blurSize, m_blurSize);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Collect2dTargetsPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Collect2dTargetsPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c47c30d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Collect2dTargetsPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.util.numbers.DoubleCouple;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.camera.CaptureStaticProperties;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.target.PotentialTarget;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.target.TrackedTarget;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.opencv.core.Point;
+
+/** Represents a pipe that collects available 2d targets. */
+public class Collect2dTargetsPipe
+        extends CVPipe<
+                List<PotentialTarget>, List<TrackedTarget>, Collect2dTargetsPipe.Collect2dTargetsParams> {
+
+    /**
+    * Processes this pipeline.
+    *
+    * @param in Input for pipe processing.
+    * @return A list of tracked targets.
+    */
+    @Override
+    protected List<TrackedTarget> process(List<PotentialTarget> in) {
+        List<TrackedTarget> targets = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        var calculationParams =
+                new TrackedTarget.TargetCalculationParameters(
+                        params.getOrientation() == TrackedTarget.TargetOrientation.Landscape,
+                        params.getOffsetPointRegion(),
+                        params.getUserOffsetPoint(),
+                        params.getCaptureStaticProperties().centerPoint,
+                        new DoubleCouple(params.getCalibrationB(), params.getCalibrationM()),
+                        params.getOffsetMode(),
+                        params.getCaptureStaticProperties().horizontalFocalLength,
+                        params.getCaptureStaticProperties().verticalFocalLength,
+                        params.getCaptureStaticProperties().imageArea);
+
+        for (PotentialTarget target : in) {
+            targets.add(new TrackedTarget(target, calculationParams));
+        }
+
+        return targets;
+    }
+
+    public static class Collect2dTargetsParams {
+        private CaptureStaticProperties m_captureStaticProperties;
+        private TrackedTarget.RobotOffsetPointMode m_offsetMode;
+        private double m_calibrationM, m_calibrationB;
+        private Point m_userOffsetPoint;
+        private TrackedTarget.TargetOffsetPointRegion m_region;
+        private TrackedTarget.TargetOrientation m_orientation;
+
+        public Collect2dTargetsParams(
+                CaptureStaticProperties captureStaticProperties,
+                TrackedTarget.RobotOffsetPointMode offsetMode,
+                double calibrationM,
+                double calibrationB,
+                Point calibrationPoint,
+                TrackedTarget.TargetOffsetPointRegion region,
+                TrackedTarget.TargetOrientation orientation) {
+            m_captureStaticProperties = captureStaticProperties;
+            m_offsetMode = offsetMode;
+            m_calibrationM = calibrationM;
+            m_calibrationB = calibrationB;
+            m_userOffsetPoint = calibrationPoint;
+            m_region = region;
+            m_orientation = orientation;
+        }
+
+        public CaptureStaticProperties getCaptureStaticProperties() {
+            return m_captureStaticProperties;
+        }
+
+        public TrackedTarget.RobotOffsetPointMode getOffsetMode() {
+            return m_offsetMode;
+        }
+
+        public double getCalibrationM() {
+            return m_calibrationM;
+        }
+
+        public double getCalibrationB() {
+            return m_calibrationB;
+        }
+
+        public Point getUserOffsetPoint() {
+            return m_userOffsetPoint;
+        }
+
+        public TrackedTarget.TargetOffsetPointRegion getOffsetPointRegion() {
+            return m_region;
+        }
+
+        public TrackedTarget.TargetOrientation getOrientation() {
+            return m_orientation;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Draw2dContoursPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Draw2dContoursPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5611d1c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Draw2dContoursPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.util.ColorHelper;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.target.TrackedTarget;
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+import org.opencv.core.Mat;
+import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
+import org.opencv.core.Point;
+import org.opencv.core.Rect;
+import org.opencv.core.RotatedRect;
+import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
+
+public class Draw2dContoursPipe
+        extends CVPipe<Pair<Mat, List<TrackedTarget>>, Mat, Draw2dContoursPipe.Draw2dContoursParams> {
+
+    private List<MatOfPoint> m_drawnContours = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Override
+    protected Mat process(Pair<Mat, List<TrackedTarget>> in) {
+        if (params.showCentroid || params.showMaximumBox || params.showRotatedBox) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < in.getRight().size(); i++) {
+                Point[] vertices = new Point[4];
+                MatOfPoint contour = new MatOfPoint();
+
+                if (i != 0 && !params.showMultiple) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                TrackedTarget target = in.getRight().get(i);
+                RotatedRect r = target.getMinAreaRect();
+
+                if (r == null) continue;
+
+                m_drawnContours.forEach(Mat::release);
+                m_drawnContours.clear();
+                m_drawnContours = new ArrayList<>();
+
+                r.points(vertices);
+                contour.fromArray(vertices);
+                m_drawnContours.add(contour);
+
+                if (params.showRotatedBox) {
+                    Imgproc.drawContours(
+                            in.getLeft(),
+                            m_drawnContours,
+                            0,
+                            ColorHelper.colorToScalar(params.rotatedBoxColor),
+                            params.boxOutlineSize);
+                }
+
+                if (params.showMaximumBox) {
+                    Rect box = Imgproc.boundingRect(contour);
+                    Imgproc.rectangle(
+                            in.getLeft(),
+                            new Point(box.x, box.y),
+                            new Point(box.x + box.width, box.y + box.height),
+                            ColorHelper.colorToScalar(params.maximumBoxColor),
+                            params.boxOutlineSize);
+                }
+
+                if (params.showCentroid) {
+                    Imgproc.circle(
+                            in.getLeft(),
+                            target.getTargetOffsetPoint(),
+                            3,
+                            ColorHelper.colorToScalar(params.centroidColor),
+                            2);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return in.getLeft();
+    }
+
+    public static class Draw2dContoursParams {
+        public boolean showCentroid = false;
+        public boolean showMultiple = false;
+        public int boxOutlineSize = 0;
+        public boolean showRotatedBox = false;
+        public boolean showMaximumBox = false;
+        public Color centroidColor = Color.GREEN;
+        public Color rotatedBoxColor = Color.BLUE;
+        public Color maximumBoxColor = Color.RED;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Draw2dCrosshairPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Draw2dCrosshairPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19a3bf491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/Draw2dCrosshairPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.util.ColorHelper;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.target.TrackedTarget;
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+import org.opencv.core.Mat;
+import org.opencv.core.Point;
+import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
+
+public class Draw2dCrosshairPipe
+        extends CVPipe<Pair<Mat, List<TrackedTarget>>, Mat, Draw2dCrosshairPipe.Draw2dCrosshairParams> {
+
+    @Override
+    protected Mat process(Pair<Mat, List<TrackedTarget>> in) {
+        Mat image = in.getLeft();
+
+        double x, y;
+        double scale = image.cols() / 32.0;
+
+        if (params.showCrosshair) {
+            x = image.cols() / 2.0;
+            y = image.rows() / 2.0;
+
+            switch (params.calibrationMode) {
+                case Single:
+                    if (params.calibrationPoint.equals(new Point())) {
+                        params.calibrationPoint.set(new double[] {x, y});
+                    }
+                    x = (int) params.calibrationPoint.x;
+                    y = (int) params.calibrationPoint.y;
+                    break;
+                case Dual:
+                    // TODO
+                    break;
+            }
+            Point xMax = new Point(x + scale, y);
+            Point xMin = new Point(x - scale, y);
+            Point yMax = new Point(x, y + scale);
+            Point yMin = new Point(x, y - scale);
+
+            Imgproc.line(in.getLeft(), xMax, xMin, ColorHelper.colorToScalar(params.crosshairColor));
+            Imgproc.line(in.getLeft(), yMax, yMin, ColorHelper.colorToScalar(params.crosshairColor));
+        }
+        return in.getLeft();
+    }
+
+    public static class Draw2dCrosshairParams {
+        public TrackedTarget.RobotOffsetPointMode calibrationMode;
+        public Point calibrationPoint;
+        public boolean showCrosshair = true;
+        public Color crosshairColor = Color.GREEN;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/ErodeDilatePipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/ErodeDilatePipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f507703d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/ErodeDilatePipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import org.opencv.core.Mat;
+import org.opencv.core.Size;
+import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
+
+public class ErodeDilatePipe extends CVPipe<Mat, Mat, ErodeDilatePipe.ErodeDilateParams> {
+    @Override
+    protected Mat process(Mat in) {
+        if (params.shouldErode()) {
+            Imgproc.erode(in, in, params.getKernel());
+        }
+        if (params.shouldDilate()) {
+            Imgproc.dilate(in, in, params.getKernel());
+        }
+        return in;
+    }
+
+    public static class ErodeDilateParams {
+        private boolean m_erode;
+        private boolean m_dilate;
+        private Mat m_kernel;
+
+        public ErodeDilateParams(boolean erode, boolean dilate, int kernelSize) {
+            m_erode = erode;
+            m_dilate = dilate;
+            m_kernel =
+                    Imgproc.getStructuringElement(Imgproc.MORPH_RECT, new Size(kernelSize, kernelSize));
+        }
+
+        public boolean shouldErode() {
+            return m_erode;
+        }
+
+        public boolean shouldDilate() {
+            return m_dilate;
+        }
+
+        public Mat getKernel() {
+            return m_kernel;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/FilterContoursPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/FilterContoursPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..076b78b23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/FilterContoursPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.util.math.MathUtils;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.util.numbers.DoubleCouple;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.camera.CaptureStaticProperties;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.opencv.Contour;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.opencv.core.Rect;
+import org.opencv.core.RotatedRect;
+
+public class FilterContoursPipe
+        extends CVPipe<List<Contour>, List<Contour>, FilterContoursPipe.FilterContoursParams> {
+
+    List<Contour> m_filteredContours = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<Contour> process(List<Contour> in) {
+        m_filteredContours.clear();
+        for (Contour contour : in) {
+            try {
+                filterContour(contour);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                System.err.println("An error occurred while filtering contours.");
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+        return m_filteredContours;
+    }
+
+    private void filterContour(Contour contour) {
+        // Area Filtering.
+        double contourArea = contour.getArea();
+        double areaRatio = (contourArea / params.getCamProperties().imageArea);
+        double minArea = MathUtils.sigmoid(params.getArea().getFirst());
+        double maxArea = MathUtils.sigmoid(params.getArea().getSecond());
+        if (areaRatio < minArea || areaRatio > maxArea) return;
+
+        // Extent Filtering.
+        RotatedRect minAreaRect = contour.getMinAreaRect();
+        double minExtent = params.getExtent().getFirst() * minAreaRect.size.area() / 100;
+        double maxExtent = params.getExtent().getSecond() * minAreaRect.size.area() / 100;
+        if (contourArea <= minExtent || contourArea >= maxExtent) return;
+
+        // Aspect Ratio Filtering.
+        Rect boundingRect = contour.getBoundingRect();
+        double aspectRatio = (double) boundingRect.width / boundingRect.height;
+        if (aspectRatio < params.getRatio().getFirst() || aspectRatio > params.getRatio().getSecond())
+            return;
+
+        m_filteredContours.add(contour);
+    }
+
+    public static class FilterContoursParams {
+        private DoubleCouple m_area;
+        private DoubleCouple m_ratio;
+        private DoubleCouple m_extent;
+        private CaptureStaticProperties m_camProperties;
+
+        public FilterContoursParams(
+                DoubleCouple area,
+                DoubleCouple ratio,
+                DoubleCouple extent,
+                CaptureStaticProperties camProperties) {
+            this.m_area = area;
+            this.m_ratio = ratio;
+            this.m_extent = extent;
+            this.m_camProperties = camProperties;
+        }
+
+        public DoubleCouple getArea() {
+            return m_area;
+        }
+
+        public DoubleCouple getRatio() {
+            return m_ratio;
+        }
+
+        public DoubleCouple getExtent() {
+            return m_extent;
+        }
+
+        public CaptureStaticProperties getCamProperties() {
+            return m_camProperties;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/FindContoursPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/FindContoursPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..789ab759b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/FindContoursPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.opencv.Contour;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import org.opencv.core.Mat;
+import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
+import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
+
+public class FindContoursPipe
+        extends CVPipe<Mat, List<Contour>, FindContoursPipe.FindContoursParams> {
+
+    private List<MatOfPoint> m_foundContours = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<Contour> process(Mat in) {
+        for (var m : m_foundContours) {
+            m.release(); // necessary?
+        }
+        m_foundContours.clear();
+
+        Imgproc.findContours(
+                in, m_foundContours, new Mat(), Imgproc.RETR_EXTERNAL, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_TC89_L1);
+
+        return m_foundContours.stream().map(Contour::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    public static class FindContoursParams {}
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/GroupContoursPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/GroupContoursPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a2bf9341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/GroupContoursPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.opencv.Contour;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.target.PotentialTarget;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class GroupContoursPipe
+        extends CVPipe<List<Contour>, List<PotentialTarget>, GroupContoursPipe.GroupContoursParams> {
+
+    private List<PotentialTarget> m_targets = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<PotentialTarget> process(List<Contour> input) {
+        m_targets.clear();
+
+        if (params.getGroup() == Contour.ContourGrouping.Single) {
+            for (var contour : input) {
+                m_targets.add(new PotentialTarget(contour));
+            }
+        } else {
+            int groupingCount = params.getGroup().count;
+
+            if (input.size() > groupingCount) {
+                // todo: is it OK to mutate the input list?
+                //  or should we clone it like before?
+                //  what is the perf hit on cloning?
+                input.sort(Contour.SortByMomentsX);
+                // also why reverse? shouldn't the sort comparator just get reversed?
+                Collections.reverse(input);
+                // find out next time on Code Mysteries...
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < input.size() - 1; i++) {
+                    // make a list of the desired count of contours to group
+                    List<Contour> groupingSet;
+                    try {
+                        groupingSet = input.subList(i, i + groupingCount - 1);
+                    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // FYI: This method only takes 2 contours!
+                    Contour groupedContour =
+                            Contour.groupContoursByIntersection(
+                                    groupingSet.get(0), groupingSet.get(1), params.getIntersection());
+
+                    if (groupedContour != null) {
+                        m_targets.add(new PotentialTarget(groupedContour, groupingSet));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return m_targets;
+    }
+
+    public static class GroupContoursParams {
+        private Contour.ContourGrouping m_group;
+        private Contour.ContourIntersection m_intersection;
+
+        public GroupContoursParams(
+                Contour.ContourGrouping group, Contour.ContourIntersection intersection) {
+            m_group = group;
+            m_intersection = intersection;
+        }
+
+        public Contour.ContourGrouping getGroup() {
+            return m_group;
+        }
+
+        public Contour.ContourIntersection getIntersection() {
+            return m_intersection;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/HSVPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/HSVPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4c3b582b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/HSVPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import org.opencv.core.Core;
+import org.opencv.core.CvException;
+import org.opencv.core.Mat;
+import org.opencv.core.Scalar;
+import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
+
+public class HSVPipe extends CVPipe<Mat, Mat, HSVPipe.HSVParams> {
+
+    private Mat m_outputMat = new Mat();
+
+    @Override
+    protected Mat process(Mat in) {
+        in.copyTo(m_outputMat);
+        try {
+            Imgproc.cvtColor(m_outputMat, m_outputMat, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2HSV, 3);
+            Core.inRange(m_outputMat, params.getHsvLower(), params.getHsvUpper(), m_outputMat);
+        } catch (CvException e) {
+            System.err.println("(HSVPipe) Exception thrown by OpenCV: \n" + e.getMessage());
+        }
+
+        return m_outputMat;
+    }
+
+    public static class HSVParams {
+        private Scalar m_hsvLower;
+        private Scalar m_hsvUpper;
+
+        public HSVParams(Scalar hsvLower, Scalar hsvUpper) {
+            m_hsvLower = hsvLower;
+            m_hsvUpper = hsvUpper;
+        }
+
+        public Scalar getHsvLower() {
+            return m_hsvLower;
+        }
+
+        public Scalar getHsvUpper() {
+            return m_hsvUpper;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/OutputMatPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/OutputMatPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d167b609e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/OutputMatPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+import org.opencv.core.CvException;
+import org.opencv.core.Mat;
+import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
+
+public class OutputMatPipe extends CVPipe<Pair<Mat, Mat>, Mat, OutputMatPipe.OutputMatParams> {
+
+    private Mat m_outputMat = new Mat();
+
+    @Override
+    protected Mat process(Pair<Mat, Mat> in) {
+        if (params.showThreshold()) {
+            try {
+                in.getRight().copyTo(m_outputMat);
+                Imgproc.cvtColor(m_outputMat, m_outputMat, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2BGR, 3);
+            } catch (CvException e) {
+                System.err.println("(OutputMatPipe) Exception thrown by OpenCV: \n" + e.getMessage());
+            }
+        } else {
+            in.getLeft().copyTo(m_outputMat);
+        }
+
+        return m_outputMat;
+    }
+
+    public static class OutputMatParams {
+        private boolean m_showThreshold;
+
+        public OutputMatParams(boolean showThreshold) {
+            m_showThreshold = showThreshold;
+        }
+
+        public boolean showThreshold() {
+            return m_showThreshold;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/SortContoursPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/SortContoursPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9f648ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/SortContoursPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.camera.CaptureStaticProperties;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.target.TrackedTarget;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
+
+public class SortContoursPipe
+        extends CVPipe<List<TrackedTarget>, List<TrackedTarget>, SortContoursPipe.SortContoursParams> {
+
+    private List<TrackedTarget> m_sortedContours = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<TrackedTarget> process(List<TrackedTarget> in) {
+        m_sortedContours.clear();
+        if (in.size() > 0) {
+            m_sortedContours.addAll(in);
+            if (params.getSortMode() != SortMode.Centermost) {
+                m_sortedContours.sort(params.getSortMode().getComparator());
+            } else {
+                m_sortedContours.sort(Comparator.comparingDouble(this::calcSquareCenterDistance));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new ArrayList<>(
+                m_sortedContours.subList(0, Math.min(in.size(), params.getMaxTargets() - 1)));
+    }
+
+    private double calcSquareCenterDistance(TrackedTarget rect) {
+        return FastMath.sqrt(
+                FastMath.pow(params.getCamProperties().centerX - rect.getMinAreaRect().center.x, 2)
+                        + FastMath.pow(params.getCamProperties().centerY - rect.getMinAreaRect().center.y, 2));
+    }
+
+    public enum SortMode {
+        Largest(
+                (rect1, rect2) ->
+                        Double.compare(rect2.getMinAreaRect().size.area(), rect1.getMinAreaRect().size.area())),
+        Smallest(Largest.getComparator().reversed()),
+        Highest(Comparator.comparingDouble(rect -> rect.getMinAreaRect().center.y)),
+        Lowest(Highest.getComparator().reversed()),
+        Leftmost(Comparator.comparingDouble(target -> target.getMinAreaRect().center.x)),
+        Rightmost(Leftmost.getComparator().reversed()),
+        Centermost(null);
+
+        private Comparator<TrackedTarget> m_comparator;
+
+        SortMode(Comparator<TrackedTarget> comparator) {
+            m_comparator = comparator;
+        }
+
+        public Comparator<TrackedTarget> getComparator() {
+            return m_comparator;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class SortContoursParams {
+        private SortMode m_sortMode;
+        private CaptureStaticProperties m_camProperties;
+        private int m_maxTargets;
+
+        public SortContoursParams(
+                SortMode sortMode, CaptureStaticProperties camProperties, int maxTargets) {
+            m_sortMode = sortMode;
+            m_camProperties = camProperties;
+            m_maxTargets = maxTargets;
+        }
+
+        public SortMode getSortMode() {
+            return m_sortMode;
+        }
+
+        public CaptureStaticProperties getCamProperties() {
+            return m_camProperties;
+        }
+
+        public int getMaxTargets() {
+            return m_maxTargets;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/SpeckleRejectPipe.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/SpeckleRejectPipe.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c101c3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/pipeline/pipe/SpeckleRejectPipe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.pipe;
+
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.opencv.Contour;
+import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.pipeline.CVPipe;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class SpeckleRejectPipe
+        extends CVPipe<List<Contour>, List<Contour>, SpeckleRejectPipe.SpeckleRejectParams> {
+
+    private List<Contour> m_despeckledContours = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<Contour> process(List<Contour> in) {
+        for (var c : m_despeckledContours) {
+            c.mat.release();
+        }
+        m_despeckledContours.clear();
+
+        if (in.size() > 0) {
+            double averageArea = 0.0;
+            for (Contour c : in) {
+                averageArea += c.getArea();
+            }
+            averageArea /= in.size();
+
+            double minAllowedArea = params.getMinPercentOfAvg() / 100.0 * averageArea;
+            for (Contour c : in) {
+                if (c.getArea() >= minAllowedArea) {
+                    m_despeckledContours.add(c);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return m_despeckledContours;
+    }
+
+    public static class SpeckleRejectParams {
+        private double m_minPercentOfAvg;
+
+        public SpeckleRejectParams(double minPercentOfAvg) {
+            m_minPercentOfAvg = minPercentOfAvg;
+        }
+
+        public double getMinPercentOfAvg() {
+            return m_minPercentOfAvg;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/target/PotentialTarget.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/target/PotentialTarget.java
index 7fd9fb92a..0b7e4468b 100644
--- a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/target/PotentialTarget.java
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/target/PotentialTarget.java
@@ -2,84 +2,20 @@ package com.chameleonvision.common.vision.target;
 
 import com.chameleonvision.common.vision.opencv.Contour;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
-import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
-import org.opencv.core.Point;
 
 public class PotentialTarget {
 
-    final Contour mainContour;
-    final List<Contour> subContours = new ArrayList<>();
+    final Contour m_mainContour;
+    final List<Contour> m_subContours;
 
     public PotentialTarget(Contour inputContour) {
-        mainContour = inputContour;
+        m_mainContour = inputContour;
+        m_subContours = new ArrayList<>(); // empty
     }
 
-    public PotentialTarget(
-            List<Contour> subContours,
-            TargetContourIntersection intersection,
-            TargetContourGrouping grouping) {
-        // do contour grouping
-        mainContour = getGroupedContour(subContours, intersection, grouping);
-        if (mainContour == null) {
-            // this means we don't have a valid grouped target. what do we do???
-            throw new RuntimeException("Something went fucky wucky");
-        }
-        this.subContours.addAll(subContours);
-    }
-
-    private Contour getGroupedContour(
-            List<Contour> input, TargetContourIntersection intersection, TargetContourGrouping grouping) {
-        int reqSize = grouping == TargetContourGrouping.Single ? 1 : 2;
-
-        if (input.size() != reqSize) {
-            return null;
-            //            throw new RuntimeException("Insufficient contours for target grouping!");
-        }
-
-        switch (grouping) {
-                // technically should never happen but :shrug:
-            case Single:
-                return input.get(0);
-            case Dual:
-                input.sort(Contour.SortByMomentsX);
-                Collections.reverse(input); // why?
-
-                Contour firstContour = input.get(0);
-                Contour secondContour = input.get(1);
-
-                // total contour for both. add the first one for now
-                List<Point> fullContourPoints = new ArrayList<>(firstContour.mat.toList());
-
-                // add second contour if it is intersecting
-                if (firstContour.isIntersecting(secondContour, intersection)) {
-                    fullContourPoints.addAll(secondContour.mat.toList());
-                } else {
-                    return null;
-                }
-
-                MatOfPoint finalContour = new MatOfPoint(fullContourPoints.toArray(new Point[0]));
-
-                if (finalContour.cols() != 0 && finalContour.rows() != 0) {
-                    return new Contour(finalContour);
-                }
-                break;
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    // TODO: move these? also docs plox
-    public enum TargetContourIntersection {
-        None,
-        Up,
-        Down,
-        Left,
-        Right
-    }
-
-    public enum TargetContourGrouping {
-        Single,
-        Dual
+    public PotentialTarget(Contour inputContour, List<Contour> subContours) {
+        m_mainContour = inputContour;
+        m_subContours = subContours;
     }
 }
diff --git a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/target/TrackedTarget.java b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/target/TrackedTarget.java
index 62e1d630f..c6df22343 100644
--- a/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/target/TrackedTarget.java
+++ b/chameleon-server/src/main/java/com/chameleonvision/common/vision/target/TrackedTarget.java
@@ -9,44 +9,44 @@ import org.opencv.core.RotatedRect;
 
 // TODO: banks fix
 public class TrackedTarget {
-    final Contour mainContour;
-    List<Contour> subContours; // can be empty
+    final Contour m_mainContour;
+    List<Contour> m_subContours; // can be empty
 
-    private Point targetOffsetPoint;
-    private Point robotOffsetPoint;
+    private Point m_targetOffsetPoint;
+    private Point m_robotOffsetPoint;
 
-    private double pitch;
-    private double yaw;
-    private double area;
+    private double m_pitch;
+    private double m_yaw;
+    private double m_area;
 
     public TrackedTarget(PotentialTarget origTarget, TargetCalculationParameters params) {
-        this.mainContour = origTarget.mainContour;
-        this.subContours = origTarget.subContours;
+        this.m_mainContour = origTarget.m_mainContour;
+        this.m_subContours = origTarget.m_subContours;
         calculateValues(params);
     }
 
     public Point getTargetOffsetPoint() {
-        return targetOffsetPoint;
+        return m_targetOffsetPoint;
     }
 
     public Point getRobotOffsetPoint() {
-        return robotOffsetPoint;
+        return m_robotOffsetPoint;
     }
 
     public double getPitch() {
-        return pitch;
+        return m_pitch;
     }
 
     public double getYaw() {
-        return yaw;
+        return m_yaw;
     }
 
     public double getArea() {
-        return area;
+        return m_area;
     }
 
     public RotatedRect getMinAreaRect() {
-        return mainContour.getMinAreaRect();
+        return m_mainContour.getMinAreaRect();
     }
 
     private void calculateTargetOffsetPoint(
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public class TrackedTarget {
                     break;
                 }
         }
-        targetOffsetPoint = resultPoint;
+        m_targetOffsetPoint = resultPoint;
     }
 
     private void calculateRobotOffsetPoint(
@@ -118,25 +118,25 @@ public class TrackedTarget {
                 break;
         }
 
-        robotOffsetPoint = resultPoint;
+        m_robotOffsetPoint = resultPoint;
     }
 
     private void calculatePitch(double verticalFocalLength) {
-        double contourCenterY = mainContour.getCenterPoint().y;
-        double targetCenterY = targetOffsetPoint.y;
-        pitch =
+        double contourCenterY = m_mainContour.getCenterPoint().y;
+        double targetCenterY = m_targetOffsetPoint.y;
+        m_pitch =
                 -FastMath.toDegrees(FastMath.atan((contourCenterY - targetCenterY) / verticalFocalLength));
     }
 
     private void calculateYaw(double horizontalFocalLength) {
-        double contourCenterX = mainContour.getCenterPoint().x;
-        double targetCenterX = targetOffsetPoint.x;
-        yaw =
+        double contourCenterX = m_mainContour.getCenterPoint().x;
+        double targetCenterX = m_targetOffsetPoint.x;
+        m_yaw =
                 FastMath.toDegrees(FastMath.atan((contourCenterX - targetCenterX) / horizontalFocalLength));
     }
 
     private void calculateArea(double imageArea) {
-        area = mainContour.getMinAreaRect().size.area() / imageArea;
+        m_area = m_mainContour.getMinAreaRect().size.area() / imageArea;
     }
 
     private Point getMiddle(Point p1, Point p2) {
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public class TrackedTarget {
         // this MUST happen in this exact order!
         calculateTargetOffsetPoint(params.isLandscape, params.targetOffsetPointRegion);
         calculateRobotOffsetPoint(
-                targetOffsetPoint,
+                m_targetOffsetPoint,
                 params.cameraCenterPoint,
                 params.offsetEquationValues,
                 params.robotOffsetPointMode);