Bump actions for Node 24 (#2274)

## Description

This bumps our actions to versions that use Node 24, instead of 20. Node
20 [enters EOL in April 2026](https://endoflife.date/nodejs).

This PR also includes various cleanups that should speed up CI, and make
it less complicated. This includes removing the architecture field from
setup-java, as it detects the native architecture.

We also upload our Gradle dependencies for charting in GitHub, this
helps us keep track of what we're using, and if we need to upgrade.

Finally, we bump the version of our image, to fix issues with the Rubik
Pi fan among other reasons.

continuation of #2194

supercedes #2276

## Meta

Merge checklist:
- [x] Pull Request title is [short, imperative
summary](https://cbea.ms/git-commit/) of proposed changes
- [x] The description documents the _what_ and _why_
- [ ] If this PR changes behavior or adds a feature, user documentation
is updated
- [ ] If this PR touches photon-serde, all messages have been
regenerated and hashes have not changed unexpectedly
- [ ] If this PR touches configuration, this is backwards compatible
with settings back to v2025.3.2
- [ ] If this PR touches pipeline settings or anything related to data
exchange, the frontend typing is updated
- [ ] If this PR addresses a bug, a regression test for it is added

.github/workflows/python.yml

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: 3.12
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
         run: mypy --show-column-numbers --config-file photon-lib/py/pyproject.toml photon-lib
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@master
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: dist
           path: ./photon-lib/py/dist/