[build] Migrate to Gradle version catalogs (#8524)

Also fixes the google compile-testing library to 0.23.0 (the latest
available at time of writing) instead of a wildcard

Jackson versions were inconsistent across projects; most were on 2.19.2,
but the fields subproject was on 2.15.2. All projects are now on 2.19.2
for consistency

epilogue-processor/build.gradle

@@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ dependencies {
     implementation(project(':epilogue-runtime'))
     api project(':commandsv2')
 
-    testImplementation 'com.google.testing.compile:compile-testing:+'
+    testImplementation libs.compile.testing
 }