[hal, wpilib] Add OpMode support (#7744)

User code:
- OpModeRobot used as the robot base class
- LinearOpMode and PeriodicOpMode are provided opmode base classes
- In Java, annotations can be used to automatically register opmode classes

Additional user code functionality:
- OpMode (string) is available in addition to the overall
auto/teleop/test robot mode
- OpMode does not indicate enable (enable/disable is still separate)
- The HAL API uses integer UIDs; these are exposed at the user API level
as well for faster checks
- User code creates opmodes on startup (these have name, category,
description, etc).

DS:
- DS will present opmode selection lists for auto and teleop for
match/practice. During a match, the DS will automatically activate the
selected opmode in the corresponding match period.
- For testing, an overall mode is selected (e.g. teleop/auto/test) and a
single opmode is selected

Future work:
- Command framework support/integration
- Python annotation support
- Unit tests (needs race-free DS sim updates)
- Porting of examples

Co-authored-by: Joseph Eng <91924258+KangarooKoala@users.noreply.github.com>

wpilibcExamples/src/main/cpp/templates/opmode/cpp/Robot.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) FIRST and other WPILib contributors.
+// Open Source Software; you can modify and/or share it under the terms of
+// the WPILib BSD license file in the root directory of this project.
+
+#include "Robot.hpp"
+
+#include "opmode/MyAuto.hpp"
+#include "opmode/MyTeleop.hpp"
+
+Robot::Robot() {
+  // Add opmodes to the robot here.
+  AddOpMode<MyTeleop>(wpi::RobotMode::TELEOPERATED, "My Teleop", "",
+                      "An example teleop opmode");
+  AddOpMode<MyAuto>(wpi::RobotMode::AUTONOMOUS, "My Auto", "");
+  PublishOpModes();
+}
+
+/** This function is called exactly once when the DS first connects. */
+void Robot::DriverStationConnected() {}
+
+/**
+ * This function is called periodically anytime when no opmode is selected,
+ * including when the Driver Station is disconnected.
+ */
+void Robot::NonePeriodic() {}
+
+#ifndef RUNNING_WPILIB_TESTS
+int main() {
+  return wpi::StartRobot<Robot>();
+}
+#endif

wpilibcExamples/src/main/cpp/templates/opmode/cpp/opmode/MyAuto.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (c) FIRST and other WPILib contributors.
+// Open Source Software; you can modify and/or share it under the terms of
+// the WPILib BSD license file in the root directory of this project.
+
+#include "opmode/MyAuto.hpp"
+
+#include "Robot.hpp"
+
+/** The Robot instance is passed into the opmode via the constructor. */
+MyAuto::MyAuto(Robot& robot) : m_robot{robot} {
+  /*
+   * Can call the base class constructor with the period to set a different
+   * periodic time interval.
+   *
+   * Additional periodic methods may be configured with AddPeriodic().
+   */
+}
+
+MyAuto::~MyAuto() {
+  /* Called when the opmode is de-selected. */
+}
+
+void MyAuto::Start() {
+  /* Called once when the robot is first enabled. */
+}
+
+void MyAuto::Periodic() {
+  /* Called periodically (set time interval) while the robot is enabled. */
+}
+
+void MyAuto::End() {
+  /* Called when the robot is disabled (after previously being enabled). */
+}

wpilibcExamples/src/main/cpp/templates/opmode/cpp/opmode/MyTeleop.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (c) FIRST and other WPILib contributors.
+// Open Source Software; you can modify and/or share it under the terms of
+// the WPILib BSD license file in the root directory of this project.
+
+#include "opmode/MyTeleop.hpp"
+
+#include "Robot.hpp"
+
+/** The Robot instance is passed into the opmode via the constructor. */
+MyTeleop::MyTeleop(Robot& robot) : m_robot{robot} {}
+
+MyTeleop::~MyTeleop() {
+  /* Called when the opmode is de-selected. */
+}
+
+void MyTeleop::Start() {
+  /* Called once when the robot is first enabled. */
+}
+
+void MyTeleop::Periodic() {
+  /* Called periodically (set time interval) while the robot is enabled. */
+}
+
+void MyTeleop::End() {
+  /* Called when the robot is disabled (after previously being enabled). */
+}

wpilibcExamples/src/main/cpp/templates/opmode/include/Robot.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (c) FIRST and other WPILib contributors.
+// Open Source Software; you can modify and/or share it under the terms of
+// the WPILib BSD license file in the root directory of this project.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "wpi/framework/OpModeRobot.hpp"
+
+class Robot : public wpi::OpModeRobot<Robot> {
+ public:
+  Robot();
+  void DriverStationConnected() override;
+  void NonePeriodic() override;
+};

wpilibcExamples/src/main/cpp/templates/opmode/include/opmode/MyAuto.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) FIRST and other WPILib contributors.
+// Open Source Software; you can modify and/or share it under the terms of
+// the WPILib BSD license file in the root directory of this project.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "wpi/opmode/PeriodicOpMode.hpp"
+
+class Robot;
+
+class MyAuto : public wpi::PeriodicOpMode {
+ public:
+  /** The Robot instance is passed into the opmode via the constructor. */
+  explicit MyAuto(Robot& robot);
+  ~MyAuto() override;
+  void Start() override;
+  void Periodic() override;
+  void End() override;
+
+ private:
+  [[maybe_unused]]
+  Robot& m_robot;
+};

wpilibcExamples/src/main/cpp/templates/opmode/include/opmode/MyTeleop.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) FIRST and other WPILib contributors.
+// Open Source Software; you can modify and/or share it under the terms of
+// the WPILib BSD license file in the root directory of this project.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "wpi/opmode/PeriodicOpMode.hpp"
+
+class Robot;
+
+class MyTeleop : public wpi::PeriodicOpMode {
+ public:
+  /** The Robot instance is passed into the opmode via the constructor. */
+  explicit MyTeleop(Robot& robot);
+  ~MyTeleop() override;
+  void Start() override;
+  void Periodic() override;
+  void End() override;
+
+ private:
+  [[maybe_unused]]
+  Robot& m_robot;
+};