This makes code easier to read and more consistent between C++ and Java.
Also update clang-format settings to always add a line break (even if no braces are used).
The current hasPeriodPassed() function is confusing. In preparation for deprecating it,
add new advanceIfElapsed() function with same functionality and hasElapsed() function
which only checks that the time period has elapsed and does not advance the timer.
Also fix a couple of incorrect usages of hasPeriodPassed().
